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ARUK 2022 | PREVENT Dementia study: risk factors of small vessel disease in mid-life healthy adults

Audrey Low, PhD student, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, discusses and investigation into risk factors of small vessel disease in the PREVENT Dementia study of mid-life healthy adults. The PREVENT Dementia study aims to identify biological and psychological factors that may increase dementia risk in later life, improving our ability to identify the earliest signs of dementia and predict who is at greatest risk. In this study, modifiable risk factors (e.g. hypertension, diabetes, exercise, etc.) were found to be associated with small vessel disease while non-modifiable risk factors (e.g. inherited risk) were found to not be associated with mid-life small vessel disease. These risk factors are known to affect the risk of dementia much later in life, but these findings show that they could be affecting patients’ health and cognition much earlier than that. This interview took place at the Alzheimer’s Research UK Conference 2022 in Brighton, UK.

Transcript (edited for clarity)

The study is based on the prevent dementia study. So, this is a study of midlife, healthy adults with rare pathology. So this makes it very well placed to look at early cognition and early risk factors. So what we found was we looked at modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. And so the non-modifiable risk factors for things like inherited risk, and those things were actually not associated with midlife small vessel disease...

The study is based on the prevent dementia study. So, this is a study of midlife, healthy adults with rare pathology. So this makes it very well placed to look at early cognition and early risk factors. So what we found was we looked at modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. And so the non-modifiable risk factors for things like inherited risk, and those things were actually not associated with midlife small vessel disease. Whereas the modifiable risk factors, things like hypertension, diabetes, physical activity, things like that, those were the ones that were related to small vessel disease. And the thing is these risk factors that actually supposed to be risk factors of future dementia 20 years later or so, but the thing is it’s already being noticed to affect small vessel disease much earlier in life. So even in these really healthy midlife adults you already see these differences. So that kind of suggests that it might be that these risk factors are actually operating through a cardiovascular, cerebrovascular route instead.

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