At the 2nd Congress of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), held in Copenhagen, Denmark, from May 28–31 2016, Elizabeta Mukaetova-Ladinska, MD, MMedSci, PhD, MRCPsych, from Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, discusses the neuropsychological and cognitive evaluation for the diagnosis of people with dementia, with a focus on methods for the differential diagnosis of the cause of cognitive impairment.