Niels Plath, PhD, Muna Therapeutics, Copenhagen, Denmark, discusses the latest data implicating microglia in Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Recent genetic information from large-scale genome wide association studies has suggested microglia and microglia-expressed genes play a key role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Numerous studies identified genes significantly associated with Alzheimer’s disease that are most strongly expressed in microglia, including CD33 and TREM2. Pathway analyses also emphasize the crucial role of the innate immune system and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, transcriptomic studies in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease have shed light on microglia diversity and the differing statuses in which they can exist. Ongoing work aims to define the functional correlates of distinct microglia states to elucidate the pathological roles of microglia and identify novel therapeutic targets. This interview took place at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference (AAIC) 2022 in San Diego, CA.